Description

Ultralow-temperature refrigeration is defined here as refrigeration in the temperature range of -58 to -148°F (-50 to -100°C). What is considered low temperature for an application depends on the temperature range for that specific application. Low temperatures for air conditioning are around 32°F (0°C); for industrial refrigeration, -31 to -58°F (-35 to -50°C); and for cryogenics, approaching 0°R (0 K) (absolute zero). Applications such as freeze-drying, as well as the pharmaceutical, chemical, and petroleum industries, use refrigeration in the ultralow-temperature range as designated in this chapter. The refrigeration cycles presented in this chapter may be used in both standard packaged and custom-designed systems. Cascade systems are emphasized, both autocascade (typical of packaged units) and two-refrigerant cascade (found in custom-engineered ultralow-temperature systems).
Autocascade Systems
Custom-Designed and Field-Erected Systems
Single-Refrigerant Systems
Cascade Systems
Ultralow-Temperature Materials
Insulation
Heat Transfer
Secondary Coolants

ISBN: 978-1-939200-97-6 (for I-P versions of chapters)
ISSN: 1930-7195 (for I-P versions of chapters)

Citation: 2018 ASHRAE Handbook–Refrigeration

Product Details

Published:

2018

ISBN(s):

9781939200976

Number of Pages:

12

Units of Measure:

Dual

File Size:

1 file , 640 KB

Product Code(s):

D-R482018IP